Dimension 1 · Competence area

1. Information search, evaluation and management

Dimension 2 · Competence

1.2. Evaluating information

To assess and compare the credibility and reliability of sources of information and content in digital environments. To interpret and critically evaluate information and content in digital environments, and the processes used to generate them.

Dimension 3 · Proficiency levels
BASIC

At basic level, individuals remember and implement simple tasks with guidance as needed.

  • Acknowledge the benefits of a cautious approach in interpreting information and content in digital environments.
  • Recognise that some digital information sources and systems may not be trustworthy.
  • Recognise that it can be difficult to distinguish between information and content generated by humans and AI systems.
  • Recognise examples of misinformation, disinformation, and sources of bias.
  • Recognise examples of social media influencing and filter bubbles.
  • Make a basic assessment of the reliability and credibility of digital information sources and content.
INTERMEDIATE

At intermediate level, individuals identify and implement well-defined tasks and solve well-defined problems autonomously.

  • Identify the source of online information and the purposes of fact-checking services to develop pre-bunking and de-bunking capabilities.
  • Recognise that the data used to train AI systems and how they are trained affects the reliability of the information they provide.
  • Recognise that some digital technologies, such as AI systems, might function like a 'black box', making it difficult to explain why or how an output has been produced.
  • Recognise that AI systems may produce output which is inaccurate, even if it may seem plausible, and that the human using the AI system is responsible for checking the quality and validity of information and content generated.
  • Recognise that individual (cognitive and affective) biases and AI system biases play a role in the generation and interpretation of information.
  • Recognise and respond effectively to user-directing strategies in digital environments such as clickbait, nudging and gamification.
  • Critically assess the reliability of sources, information and content in digital environments, considering the role of AI systems, personalisation effects, and commercial or other interests.
ADVANCED

At advanced level, individuals assess and apply solutions to a variety of complex tasks autonomously and adapt to a variety of contexts to evaluate and execute tasks appropriately, guiding others if and as required.

  • Continually scrutinise how AI systems, biases, and various interests shape generation, presentation and interpretation of information in digital environments.
  • Describe features of trustworthy digital technologies, such as AI systems.
  • Describe personal, social and political consequences of misinformation, disinformation, sources of bias, social media influencing and filter bubbles.
  • Thoroughly assess the reliability and accuracy of a diversity of digital sources, information and content, considering a range of potential influencing factors.
  • Support others to develop capabilities to assess the credibility and reliability of digital sources, information and content.
HIGHLY ADVANCED

At highly advanced level, individuals assess, evaluate and resolve highly complex or specialised problems to create new solutions or adapt existing ones, leading and guiding others if and as required.

  • Systematically assess and evaluate digital sources, information and content to support complex decision-making.
  • Help others to develop capabilities to critically evaluate information and content, and resilience to misinformation and disinformation, in digital environments.
  • Lead or contribute to initiatives that support accurate interpretation of information in digital environments.
Dimension 4 · Knowledge, skills and attitudes
Knowledge
  • LO1.2.02 Distinguish between the source of digital content, and digital content itself.
  • LO1.2.03 Recognise that some digital information sources and systems may not be trustworthy.
  • LO1.2.04 Recognise that it can be difficult to distinguish between information and content generated by humans and AI systems.
  • LO1.2.05 Recognise examples of misinformation, disinformation, and sources of bias.
  • LO1.2.06 Recognise examples of social media influencing and filter bubbles.
  • LO1.2.09 Recognise potential consequences of misinformation and disinformation in digital environments for oneself and others.
  • LO1.2.10 Describe methods to identify the source of information found online.
  • LO1.2.11 Define the purposes of fact-checking services.
  • LO1.2.12 Recognise the concepts and purposes of pre-bunking and de-bunking in digital contexts.
  • LO1.2.13 Recognise that the data used to train AI systems and how they are trained affects the reliability of the information they provide.
  • LO1.2.14 Recognise that some digital technologies, such as AI systems, may function like a 'black box', making it difficult to explain why or how an output has been produced.
  • LO1.2.15 Identify examples of human (cognitive, affective) bias and AI system (data, training) bias in relation to the generation and interpretation of information.
  • LO1.2.16 Recognise that AI systems may produce output which is inaccurate, even if it may seem plausible.
  • LO1.2.17 Recognise that the humans using an AI system are responsible for checking the quality and validity of information and content generated.
  • LO1.2.18 Recognise the presence of user-directing strategies in digital environments such as clickbait, nudging and gamification.
  • LO1.2.23 Describe personal, social and political consequences of misinformation, disinformation, sources of bias, social media influencing and filter bubbles.
  • LO1.2.24 Describe features of trustworthy digital technologies, such as AI systems.
  • LO1.2.25 Describe methods that can be used to identify deep-fakes.
Skills
  • LO1.2.07 Make a basic assessment of the reliability and credibility of digital information sources and content.
  • LO1.2.19 Apply pre-bunking and de-bunking strategies to discard or discredit unreliable sources and content in digital environments.
  • LO1.2.20 Respond effectively to user-directing strategies in digital environments such as clickbait, nudging and gamification.
  • LO1.2.21 Critically assess the reliability of sources, information and content in digital environments, considering the role of AI systems, personalisation effects, and commercial or other interests.
  • LO1.2.26 Thoroughly assess the reliability and accuracy of a diversity of sources, information and content in digital environments, considering a range of potential influencing factors.
  • LO1.2.27 Support others to develop their capabilities to assess the reliability of sources, information and content in digital environments.
  • LO1.2.29 Systematically assess and evaluate sources, information and content in digital environments to support complex decision-making.
  • LO1.2.30 Help others to develop capabilities to critically evaluate information and content in digital environments.
  • LO1.2.31 Lead or contribute to initiatives that support accurate interpretation of data, information, and content in digital environments.
Attitudes
  • LO1.2.01 Acknowledge the benefits of a cautious approach in interpreting information and content in digital environments.
  • LO1.2.08 Acknowledge the benefits of questioning the credibility and reliability of information and content and their sources in digital environments.
  • LO1.2.22 Continually scrutinise how AI systems, biases, and various interests shape generation, presentation and interpretation of information and content in digital environments.
  • LO1.2.28 Promote and support the development of resilience to misinformation and disinformation in digital environments among individuals and/or groups.
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